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| 1 | # ex:ts=4:sw=4:sts=4:et | ||
| 2 | # -*- tab-width: 4; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- | ||
| 3 | # | ||
| 4 | # Copyright (c) 2013, Intel Corporation. | ||
| 5 | # All rights reserved. | ||
| 6 | # | ||
| 7 | # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | ||
| 8 | # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as | ||
| 9 | # published by the Free Software Foundation. | ||
| 10 | # | ||
| 11 | # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | ||
| 12 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | ||
| 13 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | ||
| 14 | # GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
| 15 | # | ||
| 16 | # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along | ||
| 17 | # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., | ||
| 18 | # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. | ||
| 19 | # | ||
| 20 | # DESCRIPTION | ||
| 21 | # This module implements some basic help invocation functions along | ||
| 22 | # with the bulk of the help topic text for the OE Core Image Tools. | ||
| 23 | # | ||
| 24 | # AUTHORS | ||
| 25 | # Tom Zanussi <tom.zanussi (at] linux.intel.com> | ||
| 26 | # | ||
| 27 | |||
| 28 | import subprocess | ||
| 29 | import logging | ||
| 30 | |||
| 31 | from wic.plugin import pluginmgr, PLUGIN_TYPES | ||
| 32 | |||
| 33 | def subcommand_error(args): | ||
| 34 | logging.info("invalid subcommand %s" % args[0]) | ||
| 35 | |||
| 36 | |||
| 37 | def display_help(subcommand, subcommands): | ||
| 38 | """ | ||
| 39 | Display help for subcommand. | ||
| 40 | """ | ||
| 41 | if subcommand not in subcommands: | ||
| 42 | return False | ||
| 43 | |||
| 44 | hlp = subcommands.get(subcommand, subcommand_error)[2] | ||
| 45 | if callable(hlp): | ||
| 46 | hlp = hlp() | ||
| 47 | pager = subprocess.Popen('less', stdin=subprocess.PIPE) | ||
| 48 | pager.communicate(hlp) | ||
| 49 | |||
| 50 | return True | ||
| 51 | |||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | def wic_help(args, usage_str, subcommands): | ||
| 54 | """ | ||
| 55 | Subcommand help dispatcher. | ||
| 56 | """ | ||
| 57 | if len(args) == 1 or not display_help(args[1], subcommands): | ||
| 58 | print usage_str | ||
| 59 | |||
| 60 | |||
| 61 | def get_wic_plugins_help(): | ||
| 62 | """ | ||
| 63 | Combine wic_plugins_help with the help for every known | ||
| 64 | source plugin. | ||
| 65 | """ | ||
| 66 | result = wic_plugins_help | ||
| 67 | for plugin_type in PLUGIN_TYPES: | ||
| 68 | result += '\n\n%s PLUGINS\n\n' % plugin_type.upper() | ||
| 69 | for name, plugin in pluginmgr.get_plugins(plugin_type).iteritems(): | ||
| 70 | result += "\n %s plugin:\n" % name | ||
| 71 | if plugin.__doc__: | ||
| 72 | result += plugin.__doc__ | ||
| 73 | else: | ||
| 74 | result += "\n %s is missing docstring\n" % plugin | ||
| 75 | return result | ||
| 76 | |||
| 77 | |||
| 78 | def invoke_subcommand(args, parser, main_command_usage, subcommands): | ||
| 79 | """ | ||
| 80 | Dispatch to subcommand handler borrowed from combo-layer. | ||
| 81 | Should use argparse, but has to work in 2.6. | ||
| 82 | """ | ||
| 83 | if not args: | ||
| 84 | logging.error("No subcommand specified, exiting") | ||
| 85 | parser.print_help() | ||
| 86 | return 1 | ||
| 87 | elif args[0] == "help": | ||
| 88 | wic_help(args, main_command_usage, subcommands) | ||
| 89 | elif args[0] not in subcommands: | ||
| 90 | logging.error("Unsupported subcommand %s, exiting\n" % (args[0])) | ||
| 91 | parser.print_help() | ||
| 92 | return 1 | ||
| 93 | else: | ||
| 94 | usage = subcommands.get(args[0], subcommand_error)[1] | ||
| 95 | subcommands.get(args[0], subcommand_error)[0](args[1:], usage) | ||
| 96 | |||
| 97 | |||
| 98 | ## | ||
| 99 | # wic help and usage strings | ||
| 100 | ## | ||
| 101 | |||
| 102 | wic_usage = """ | ||
| 103 | |||
| 104 | Create a customized OpenEmbedded image | ||
| 105 | |||
| 106 | usage: wic [--version] | [--help] | [COMMAND [ARGS]] | ||
| 107 | |||
| 108 | Current 'wic' commands are: | ||
| 109 | help Show help for command or one of the topics (see below) | ||
| 110 | create Create a new OpenEmbedded image | ||
| 111 | list List available values for options and image properties | ||
| 112 | |||
| 113 | Help topics: | ||
| 114 | overview wic overview - General overview of wic | ||
| 115 | plugins wic plugins - Overview and API | ||
| 116 | kickstart wic kickstart - wic kickstart reference | ||
| 117 | """ | ||
| 118 | |||
| 119 | wic_help_usage = """ | ||
| 120 | |||
| 121 | usage: wic help <subcommand> | ||
| 122 | |||
| 123 | This command displays detailed help for the specified subcommand. | ||
| 124 | """ | ||
| 125 | |||
| 126 | wic_create_usage = """ | ||
| 127 | |||
| 128 | Create a new OpenEmbedded image | ||
| 129 | |||
| 130 | usage: wic create <wks file or image name> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>] | ||
| 131 | [-i <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --infile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>] | ||
| 132 | [-e | --image-name] [-s, --skip-build-check] [-D, --debug] | ||
| 133 | [-r, --rootfs-dir] [-b, --bootimg-dir] | ||
| 134 | [-k, --kernel-dir] [-n, --native-sysroot] [-f, --build-rootfs] | ||
| 135 | |||
| 136 | This command creates an OpenEmbedded image based on the 'OE kickstart | ||
| 137 | commands' found in the <wks file>. | ||
| 138 | |||
| 139 | The -o option can be used to place the image in a directory with a | ||
| 140 | different name and location. | ||
| 141 | |||
| 142 | See 'wic help create' for more detailed instructions. | ||
| 143 | """ | ||
| 144 | |||
| 145 | wic_create_help = """ | ||
| 146 | |||
| 147 | NAME | ||
| 148 | wic create - Create a new OpenEmbedded image | ||
| 149 | |||
| 150 | SYNOPSIS | ||
| 151 | wic create <wks file or image name> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>] | ||
| 152 | [-e | --image-name] [-s, --skip-build-check] [-D, --debug] | ||
| 153 | [-r, --rootfs-dir] [-b, --bootimg-dir] | ||
| 154 | [-k, --kernel-dir] [-n, --native-sysroot] [-f, --build-rootfs] | ||
| 155 | [-c, --compress-with] | ||
| 156 | |||
| 157 | DESCRIPTION | ||
| 158 | This command creates an OpenEmbedded image based on the 'OE | ||
| 159 | kickstart commands' found in the <wks file>. | ||
| 160 | |||
| 161 | In order to do this, wic needs to know the locations of the | ||
| 162 | various build artifacts required to build the image. | ||
| 163 | |||
| 164 | Users can explicitly specify the build artifact locations using | ||
| 165 | the -r, -b, -k, and -n options. See below for details on where | ||
| 166 | the corresponding artifacts are typically found in a normal | ||
| 167 | OpenEmbedded build. | ||
| 168 | |||
| 169 | Alternatively, users can use the -e option to have 'wic' determine | ||
| 170 | those locations for a given image. If the -e option is used, the | ||
| 171 | user needs to have set the appropriate MACHINE variable in | ||
| 172 | local.conf, and have sourced the build environment. | ||
| 173 | |||
| 174 | The -e option is used to specify the name of the image to use the | ||
| 175 | artifacts from e.g. core-image-sato. | ||
| 176 | |||
| 177 | The -r option is used to specify the path to the /rootfs dir to | ||
| 178 | use as the .wks rootfs source. | ||
| 179 | |||
| 180 | The -b option is used to specify the path to the dir containing | ||
| 181 | the boot artifacts (e.g. /EFI or /syslinux dirs) to use as the | ||
| 182 | .wks bootimg source. | ||
| 183 | |||
| 184 | The -k option is used to specify the path to the dir containing | ||
| 185 | the kernel to use in the .wks bootimg. | ||
| 186 | |||
| 187 | The -n option is used to specify the path to the native sysroot | ||
| 188 | containing the tools to use to build the image. | ||
| 189 | |||
| 190 | The -f option is used to build rootfs by running "bitbake <image>" | ||
| 191 | |||
| 192 | The -s option is used to skip the build check. The build check is | ||
| 193 | a simple sanity check used to determine whether the user has | ||
| 194 | sourced the build environment so that the -e option can operate | ||
| 195 | correctly. If the user has specified the build artifact locations | ||
| 196 | explicitly, 'wic' assumes the user knows what he or she is doing | ||
| 197 | and skips the build check. | ||
| 198 | |||
| 199 | The -D option is used to display debug information detailing | ||
| 200 | exactly what happens behind the scenes when a create request is | ||
| 201 | fulfilled (or not, as the case may be). It enumerates and | ||
| 202 | displays the command sequence used, and should be included in any | ||
| 203 | bug report describing unexpected results. | ||
| 204 | |||
| 205 | When 'wic -e' is used, the locations for the build artifacts | ||
| 206 | values are determined by 'wic -e' from the output of the 'bitbake | ||
| 207 | -e' command given an image name e.g. 'core-image-minimal' and a | ||
| 208 | given machine set in local.conf. In that case, the image is | ||
| 209 | created as if the following 'bitbake -e' variables were used: | ||
| 210 | |||
| 211 | -r: IMAGE_ROOTFS | ||
| 212 | -k: STAGING_KERNEL_DIR | ||
| 213 | -n: STAGING_DIR_NATIVE | ||
| 214 | -b: empty (plugin-specific handlers must determine this) | ||
| 215 | |||
| 216 | If 'wic -e' is not used, the user needs to select the appropriate | ||
| 217 | value for -b (as well as -r, -k, and -n). | ||
| 218 | |||
| 219 | The -o option can be used to place the image in a directory with a | ||
| 220 | different name and location. | ||
| 221 | |||
| 222 | The -c option is used to specify compressor utility to compress | ||
| 223 | an image. gzip, bzip2 and xz compressors are supported. | ||
| 224 | |||
| 225 | The set of properties available for a given image type can be | ||
| 226 | listed using the 'wic list' command. | ||
| 227 | """ | ||
| 228 | |||
| 229 | wic_list_usage = """ | ||
| 230 | |||
| 231 | List available OpenEmbedded image properties and values | ||
| 232 | |||
| 233 | usage: wic list images | ||
| 234 | wic list <image> help | ||
| 235 | wic list source-plugins | ||
| 236 | wic list properties | ||
| 237 | wic list properties <wks file> | ||
| 238 | wic list property <property> | ||
| 239 | [-o <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --outfile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>] | ||
| 240 | |||
| 241 | This command enumerates the set of available canned images as well as | ||
| 242 | help for those images. It also can be used to enumerate the complete | ||
| 243 | set of possible values for a specified option or property needed by | ||
| 244 | the image creation process. | ||
| 245 | |||
| 246 | The first form enumerates all the available 'canned' images. | ||
| 247 | |||
| 248 | The second form lists the detailed help information for a specific | ||
| 249 | 'canned' image. | ||
| 250 | |||
| 251 | The third form enumerates all the available --sources (source | ||
| 252 | plugins). | ||
| 253 | |||
| 254 | The fourth form enumerates all the possible values that exist and can | ||
| 255 | be specified in an OE kickstart (wks) file. | ||
| 256 | |||
| 257 | The fifth form enumerates all the possible options that exist for the | ||
| 258 | set of properties specified in a given OE kickstart (ks) file. | ||
| 259 | |||
| 260 | The final form enumerates all the possible values that exist and can | ||
| 261 | be specified for any given OE kickstart (wks) property. | ||
| 262 | |||
| 263 | See 'wic help list' for more details. | ||
| 264 | """ | ||
| 265 | |||
| 266 | wic_list_help = """ | ||
| 267 | |||
| 268 | NAME | ||
| 269 | wic list - List available OpenEmbedded image properties and values | ||
| 270 | |||
| 271 | SYNOPSIS | ||
| 272 | wic list images | ||
| 273 | wic list <image> help | ||
| 274 | wic list source-plugins | ||
| 275 | wic list properties | ||
| 276 | wic list properties <wks file> | ||
| 277 | wic list property <property> | ||
| 278 | [-o <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --outfile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>] | ||
| 279 | |||
| 280 | DESCRIPTION | ||
| 281 | This command enumerates the complete set of possible values for a | ||
| 282 | specified option or property needed by the image creation process. | ||
| 283 | |||
| 284 | This command enumerates the set of available canned images as well | ||
| 285 | as help for those images. It also can be used to enumerate the | ||
| 286 | complete set of possible values for a specified option or property | ||
| 287 | needed by the image creation process. | ||
| 288 | |||
| 289 | The first form enumerates all the available 'canned' images. | ||
| 290 | These are actually just the set of .wks files that have been moved | ||
| 291 | into the /scripts/lib/wic/canned-wks directory). | ||
| 292 | |||
| 293 | The second form lists the detailed help information for a specific | ||
| 294 | 'canned' image. | ||
| 295 | |||
| 296 | The third form enumerates all the available --sources (source | ||
| 297 | plugins). The contents of a given partition are driven by code | ||
| 298 | defined in 'source plugins'. Users specify a specific plugin via | ||
| 299 | the --source parameter of the partition .wks command. Normally | ||
| 300 | this is the 'rootfs' plugin but can be any of the more specialized | ||
| 301 | sources listed by the 'list source-plugins' command. Users can | ||
| 302 | also add their own source plugins - see 'wic help plugins' for | ||
| 303 | details. | ||
| 304 | |||
| 305 | The third form enumerates all the possible values that exist and | ||
| 306 | can be specified in a OE kickstart (wks) file. The output of this | ||
| 307 | can be used by the third form to print the description and | ||
| 308 | possible values of a specific property. | ||
| 309 | |||
| 310 | The fourth form enumerates all the possible options that exist for | ||
| 311 | the set of properties specified in a given OE kickstart (wks) | ||
| 312 | file. If the -o option is specified, the list of properties, in | ||
| 313 | addition to being displayed, will be written to the specified file | ||
| 314 | as a JSON object. In this case, the object will consist of the | ||
| 315 | set of name:value pairs corresponding to the (possibly nested) | ||
| 316 | dictionary of properties defined by the input statements used by | ||
| 317 | the image. Some example output for the 'list <wks file>' command: | ||
| 318 | |||
| 319 | $ wic list test.ks | ||
| 320 | "part" : { | ||
| 321 | "mountpoint" : "/" | ||
| 322 | "fstype" : "ext3" | ||
| 323 | } | ||
| 324 | "part" : { | ||
| 325 | "mountpoint" : "/home" | ||
| 326 | "fstype" : "ext3" | ||
| 327 | "offset" : "10000" | ||
| 328 | } | ||
| 329 | "bootloader" : { | ||
| 330 | "type" : "efi" | ||
| 331 | } | ||
| 332 | . | ||
| 333 | . | ||
| 334 | . | ||
| 335 | |||
| 336 | Each entry in the output consists of the name of the input element | ||
| 337 | e.g. "part", followed by the properties defined for that | ||
| 338 | element enclosed in braces. This information should provide | ||
| 339 | sufficient information to create a complete user interface with. | ||
| 340 | |||
| 341 | The final form enumerates all the possible values that exist and | ||
| 342 | can be specified for any given OE kickstart (wks) property. If | ||
| 343 | the -o option is specified, the list of values for the given | ||
| 344 | property, in addition to being displayed, will be written to the | ||
| 345 | specified file as a JSON object. In this case, the object will | ||
| 346 | consist of the set of name:value pairs corresponding to the array | ||
| 347 | of property values associated with the property. | ||
| 348 | |||
| 349 | $ wic list property part | ||
| 350 | ["mountpoint", "where the partition should be mounted"] | ||
| 351 | ["fstype", "filesytem type of the partition"] | ||
| 352 | ["ext3"] | ||
| 353 | ["ext4"] | ||
| 354 | ["btrfs"] | ||
| 355 | ["swap"] | ||
| 356 | ["offset", "offset of the partition within the image"] | ||
| 357 | |||
| 358 | """ | ||
| 359 | |||
| 360 | wic_plugins_help = """ | ||
| 361 | |||
| 362 | NAME | ||
| 363 | wic plugins - Overview and API | ||
| 364 | |||
| 365 | DESCRIPTION | ||
| 366 | plugins allow wic functionality to be extended and specialized by | ||
| 367 | users. This section documents the plugin interface, which is | ||
| 368 | currently restricted to 'source' plugins. | ||
| 369 | |||
| 370 | 'Source' plugins provide a mechanism to customize various aspects | ||
| 371 | of the image generation process in wic, mainly the contents of | ||
| 372 | partitions. | ||
| 373 | |||
| 374 | Source plugins provide a mechanism for mapping values specified in | ||
| 375 | .wks files using the --source keyword to a particular plugin | ||
| 376 | implementation that populates a corresponding partition. | ||
| 377 | |||
| 378 | A source plugin is created as a subclass of SourcePlugin (see | ||
| 379 | scripts/lib/wic/pluginbase.py) and the plugin file containing it | ||
| 380 | is added to scripts/lib/wic/plugins/source/ to make the plugin | ||
| 381 | implementation available to the wic implementation. | ||
| 382 | |||
| 383 | Source plugins can also be implemented and added by external | ||
| 384 | layers - any plugins found in a scripts/lib/wic/plugins/source/ | ||
| 385 | directory in an external layer will also be made available. | ||
| 386 | |||
| 387 | When the wic implementation needs to invoke a partition-specific | ||
| 388 | implementation, it looks for the plugin that has the same name as | ||
| 389 | the --source param given to that partition. For example, if the | ||
| 390 | partition is set up like this: | ||
| 391 | |||
| 392 | part /boot --source bootimg-pcbios ... | ||
| 393 | |||
| 394 | then the methods defined as class members of the plugin having the | ||
| 395 | matching bootimg-pcbios .name class member would be used. | ||
| 396 | |||
| 397 | To be more concrete, here's the plugin definition that would match | ||
| 398 | a '--source bootimg-pcbios' usage, along with an example method | ||
| 399 | that would be called by the wic implementation when it needed to | ||
| 400 | invoke an implementation-specific partition-preparation function: | ||
| 401 | |||
| 402 | class BootimgPcbiosPlugin(SourcePlugin): | ||
| 403 | name = 'bootimg-pcbios' | ||
| 404 | |||
| 405 | @classmethod | ||
| 406 | def do_prepare_partition(self, part, ...) | ||
| 407 | |||
| 408 | If the subclass itself doesn't implement a function, a 'default' | ||
| 409 | version in a superclass will be located and used, which is why all | ||
| 410 | plugins must be derived from SourcePlugin. | ||
| 411 | |||
| 412 | The SourcePlugin class defines the following methods, which is the | ||
| 413 | current set of methods that can be implemented/overridden by | ||
| 414 | --source plugins. Any methods not implemented by a SourcePlugin | ||
| 415 | subclass inherit the implementations present in the SourcePlugin | ||
| 416 | class (see the SourcePlugin source for details): | ||
| 417 | |||
| 418 | do_prepare_partition() | ||
| 419 | Called to do the actual content population for a | ||
| 420 | partition. In other words, it 'prepares' the final partition | ||
| 421 | image which will be incorporated into the disk image. | ||
| 422 | |||
| 423 | do_configure_partition() | ||
| 424 | Called before do_prepare_partition(), typically used to | ||
| 425 | create custom configuration files for a partition, for | ||
| 426 | example syslinux or grub config files. | ||
| 427 | |||
| 428 | do_install_disk() | ||
| 429 | Called after all partitions have been prepared and assembled | ||
| 430 | into a disk image. This provides a hook to allow | ||
| 431 | finalization of a disk image, for example to write an MBR to | ||
| 432 | it. | ||
| 433 | |||
| 434 | do_stage_partition() | ||
| 435 | Special content-staging hook called before | ||
| 436 | do_prepare_partition(), normally empty. | ||
| 437 | |||
| 438 | Typically, a partition will just use the passed-in | ||
| 439 | parameters, for example the unmodified value of bootimg_dir. | ||
| 440 | In some cases however, things may need to be more tailored. | ||
| 441 | As an example, certain files may additionally need to be | ||
| 442 | take from bootimg_dir + /boot. This hook allows those files | ||
| 443 | to be staged in a customized fashion. Note that | ||
| 444 | get_bitbake_var() allows you to access non-standard | ||
| 445 | variables that you might want to use for these types of | ||
| 446 | situations. | ||
| 447 | |||
| 448 | This scheme is extensible - adding more hooks is a simple matter | ||
| 449 | of adding more plugin methods to SourcePlugin and derived classes. | ||
| 450 | The code that then needs to call the plugin methods uses | ||
| 451 | plugin.get_source_plugin_methods() to find the method(s) needed by | ||
| 452 | the call; this is done by filling up a dict with keys containing | ||
| 453 | the method names of interest - on success, these will be filled in | ||
| 454 | with the actual methods. Please see the implementation for | ||
| 455 | examples and details. | ||
| 456 | """ | ||
| 457 | |||
| 458 | wic_overview_help = """ | ||
| 459 | |||
| 460 | NAME | ||
| 461 | wic overview - General overview of wic | ||
| 462 | |||
| 463 | DESCRIPTION | ||
| 464 | The 'wic' command generates partitioned images from existing | ||
| 465 | OpenEmbedded build artifacts. Image generation is driven by | ||
| 466 | partitioning commands contained in an 'Openembedded kickstart' | ||
| 467 | (.wks) file (see 'wic help kickstart') specified either directly | ||
| 468 | on the command-line or as one of a selection of canned .wks files | ||
| 469 | (see 'wic list images'). When applied to a given set of build | ||
| 470 | artifacts, the result is an image or set of images that can be | ||
| 471 | directly written onto media and used on a particular system. | ||
| 472 | |||
| 473 | The 'wic' command and the infrastructure it's based on is by | ||
| 474 | definition incomplete - its purpose is to allow the generation of | ||
| 475 | customized images, and as such was designed to be completely | ||
| 476 | extensible via a plugin interface (see 'wic help plugins'). | ||
| 477 | |||
| 478 | Background and Motivation | ||
| 479 | |||
| 480 | wic is meant to be a completely independent standalone utility | ||
| 481 | that initially provides easier-to-use and more flexible | ||
| 482 | replacements for a couple bits of existing functionality in | ||
| 483 | oe-core: directdisk.bbclass and mkefidisk.sh. The difference | ||
| 484 | between wic and those examples is that with wic the functionality | ||
| 485 | of those scripts is implemented by a general-purpose partitioning | ||
| 486 | 'language' based on Redhat kickstart syntax). | ||
| 487 | |||
| 488 | The initial motivation and design considerations that lead to the | ||
| 489 | current tool are described exhaustively in Yocto Bug #3847 | ||
| 490 | (https://bugzilla.yoctoproject.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3847). | ||
| 491 | |||
| 492 | Implementation and Examples | ||
| 493 | |||
| 494 | wic can be used in two different modes, depending on how much | ||
| 495 | control the user needs in specifying the Openembedded build | ||
| 496 | artifacts that will be used in creating the image: 'raw' and | ||
| 497 | 'cooked'. | ||
| 498 | |||
| 499 | If used in 'raw' mode, artifacts are explicitly specified via | ||
| 500 | command-line arguments (see example below). | ||
| 501 | |||
| 502 | The more easily usable 'cooked' mode uses the current MACHINE | ||
| 503 | setting and a specified image name to automatically locate the | ||
| 504 | artifacts used to create the image. | ||
| 505 | |||
| 506 | OE kickstart files (.wks) can of course be specified directly on | ||
| 507 | the command-line, but the user can also choose from a set of | ||
| 508 | 'canned' .wks files available via the 'wic list images' command | ||
| 509 | (example below). | ||
| 510 | |||
| 511 | In any case, the prerequisite for generating any image is to have | ||
| 512 | the build artifacts already available. The below examples assume | ||
| 513 | the user has already build a 'core-image-minimal' for a specific | ||
| 514 | machine (future versions won't require this redundant step, but | ||
| 515 | for now that's typically how build artifacts get generated). | ||
| 516 | |||
| 517 | The other prerequisite is to source the build environment: | ||
| 518 | |||
| 519 | $ source oe-init-build-env | ||
| 520 | |||
| 521 | To start out with, we'll generate an image from one of the canned | ||
| 522 | .wks files. The following generates a list of availailable | ||
| 523 | images: | ||
| 524 | |||
| 525 | $ wic list images | ||
| 526 | mkefidisk Create an EFI disk image | ||
| 527 | directdisk Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image | ||
| 528 | |||
| 529 | You can get more information about any of the available images by | ||
| 530 | typing 'wic list xxx help', where 'xxx' is one of the image names: | ||
| 531 | |||
| 532 | $ wic list mkefidisk help | ||
| 533 | |||
| 534 | Creates a partitioned EFI disk image that the user can directly dd | ||
| 535 | to boot media. | ||
| 536 | |||
| 537 | At any time, you can get help on the 'wic' command or any | ||
| 538 | subcommand (currently 'list' and 'create'). For instance, to get | ||
| 539 | the description of 'wic create' command and its parameters: | ||
| 540 | |||
| 541 | $ wic create | ||
| 542 | |||
| 543 | Usage: | ||
| 544 | |||
| 545 | Create a new OpenEmbedded image | ||
| 546 | |||
| 547 | usage: wic create <wks file or image name> [-o <DIRNAME> | ...] | ||
| 548 | [-i <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --infile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>] | ||
| 549 | [-e | --image-name] [-s, --skip-build-check] [-D, --debug] | ||
| 550 | [-r, --rootfs-dir] [-b, --bootimg-dir] [-k, --kernel-dir] | ||
| 551 | [-n, --native-sysroot] [-f, --build-rootfs] | ||
| 552 | |||
| 553 | This command creates an OpenEmbedded image based on the 'OE | ||
| 554 | kickstart commands' found in the <wks file>. | ||
| 555 | |||
| 556 | The -o option can be used to place the image in a directory | ||
| 557 | with a different name and location. | ||
| 558 | |||
| 559 | See 'wic help create' for more detailed instructions. | ||
| 560 | ... | ||
| 561 | |||
| 562 | As mentioned in the command, you can get even more detailed | ||
| 563 | information by adding 'help' to the above: | ||
| 564 | |||
| 565 | $ wic help create | ||
| 566 | |||
| 567 | So, the easiest way to create an image is to use the -e option | ||
| 568 | with a canned .wks file. To use the -e option, you need to | ||
| 569 | specify the image used to generate the artifacts and you actually | ||
| 570 | need to have the MACHINE used to build them specified in your | ||
| 571 | local.conf (these requirements aren't necessary if you aren't | ||
| 572 | using the -e options.) Below, we generate a directdisk image, | ||
| 573 | pointing the process at the core-image-minimal artifacts for the | ||
| 574 | current MACHINE: | ||
| 575 | |||
| 576 | $ wic create directdisk -e core-image-minimal | ||
| 577 | |||
| 578 | Checking basic build environment... | ||
| 579 | Done. | ||
| 580 | |||
| 581 | Creating image(s)... | ||
| 582 | |||
| 583 | Info: The new image(s) can be found here: | ||
| 584 | /var/tmp/wic/build/directdisk-201309252350-sda.direct | ||
| 585 | |||
| 586 | The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s): | ||
| 587 | |||
| 588 | ROOTFS_DIR: ... | ||
| 589 | BOOTIMG_DIR: ... | ||
| 590 | KERNEL_DIR: ... | ||
| 591 | NATIVE_SYSROOT: ... | ||
| 592 | |||
| 593 | The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file: | ||
| 594 | .../scripts/lib/wic/canned-wks/directdisk.wks | ||
| 595 | |||
| 596 | The output shows the name and location of the image created, and | ||
| 597 | so that you know exactly what was used to generate the image, each | ||
| 598 | of the artifacts and the kickstart file used. | ||
| 599 | |||
| 600 | Similarly, you can create a 'mkefidisk' image in the same way | ||
| 601 | (notice that this example uses a different machine - because it's | ||
| 602 | using the -e option, you need to change the MACHINE in your | ||
| 603 | local.conf): | ||
| 604 | |||
| 605 | $ wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal | ||
| 606 | Checking basic build environment... | ||
| 607 | Done. | ||
| 608 | |||
| 609 | Creating image(s)... | ||
| 610 | |||
| 611 | Info: The new image(s) can be found here: | ||
| 612 | /var/tmp/wic/build/mkefidisk-201309260027-sda.direct | ||
| 613 | |||
| 614 | ... | ||
| 615 | |||
| 616 | Here's an example that doesn't take the easy way out and manually | ||
| 617 | specifies each build artifact, along with a non-canned .wks file, | ||
| 618 | and also uses the -o option to have wic create the output | ||
| 619 | somewhere other than the default /var/tmp/wic: | ||
| 620 | |||
| 621 | $ wic create ./test.wks -o ./out --rootfs-dir | ||
| 622 | tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs | ||
| 623 | --bootimg-dir tmp/sysroots/qemux86-64/usr/share | ||
| 624 | --kernel-dir tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64 | ||
| 625 | --native-sysroot tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux | ||
| 626 | |||
| 627 | Creating image(s)... | ||
| 628 | |||
| 629 | Info: The new image(s) can be found here: | ||
| 630 | out/build/test-201507211313-sda.direct | ||
| 631 | |||
| 632 | The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s): | ||
| 633 | ROOTFS_DIR: tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs | ||
| 634 | BOOTIMG_DIR: tmp/sysroots/qemux86-64/usr/share | ||
| 635 | KERNEL_DIR: tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64 | ||
| 636 | NATIVE_SYSROOT: tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux | ||
| 637 | |||
| 638 | The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file: | ||
| 639 | ./test.wks | ||
| 640 | |||
| 641 | Here is a content of test.wks: | ||
| 642 | |||
| 643 | part /boot --source bootimg-pcbios --ondisk sda --label boot --active --align 1024 | ||
| 644 | part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext3 --label platform --align 1024 | ||
| 645 | |||
| 646 | bootloader --timeout=0 --append="rootwait rootfstype=ext3 video=vesafb vga=0x318 console=tty0" | ||
| 647 | |||
| 648 | |||
| 649 | Finally, here's an example of the actual partition language | ||
| 650 | commands used to generate the mkefidisk image i.e. these are the | ||
| 651 | contents of the mkefidisk.wks OE kickstart file: | ||
| 652 | |||
| 653 | # short-description: Create an EFI disk image | ||
| 654 | # long-description: Creates a partitioned EFI disk image that the user | ||
| 655 | # can directly dd to boot media. | ||
| 656 | |||
| 657 | part /boot --source bootimg-efi --ondisk sda --fstype=efi --active | ||
| 658 | |||
| 659 | part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext3 --label platform | ||
| 660 | |||
| 661 | part swap --ondisk sda --size 44 --label swap1 --fstype=swap | ||
| 662 | |||
| 663 | bootloader --timeout=10 --append="rootwait console=ttyPCH0,115200" | ||
| 664 | |||
| 665 | You can get a complete listing and description of all the | ||
| 666 | kickstart commands available for use in .wks files from 'wic help | ||
| 667 | kickstart'. | ||
| 668 | """ | ||
| 669 | |||
| 670 | wic_kickstart_help = """ | ||
| 671 | |||
| 672 | NAME | ||
| 673 | wic kickstart - wic kickstart reference | ||
| 674 | |||
| 675 | DESCRIPTION | ||
| 676 | This section provides the definitive reference to the wic | ||
| 677 | kickstart language. It also provides documentation on the list of | ||
| 678 | --source plugins available for use from the 'part' command (see | ||
| 679 | the 'Platform-specific Plugins' section below). | ||
| 680 | |||
| 681 | The current wic implementation supports only the basic kickstart | ||
| 682 | partitioning commands: partition (or part for short) and | ||
| 683 | bootloader. | ||
| 684 | |||
| 685 | The following is a listing of the commands, their syntax, and | ||
| 686 | meanings. The commands are based on the Fedora kickstart | ||
| 687 | documentation but with modifications to reflect wic capabilities. | ||
| 688 | |||
| 689 | http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#part_or_partition | ||
| 690 | http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#bootloader | ||
| 691 | |||
| 692 | Commands | ||
| 693 | |||
| 694 | * 'part' or 'partition' | ||
| 695 | |||
| 696 | This command creates a partition on the system and uses the | ||
| 697 | following syntax: | ||
| 698 | |||
| 699 | part <mountpoint> | ||
| 700 | |||
| 701 | The <mountpoint> is where the partition will be mounted and | ||
| 702 | must take of one of the following forms: | ||
| 703 | |||
| 704 | /<path>: For example: /, /usr, or /home | ||
| 705 | |||
| 706 | swap: The partition will be used as swap space. | ||
| 707 | |||
| 708 | The following are supported 'part' options: | ||
| 709 | |||
| 710 | --size: The minimum partition size. Specify an integer value | ||
| 711 | such as 500. Multipliers k, M ang G can be used. If | ||
| 712 | not specified, the size is in MB. | ||
| 713 | You do not need this option if you use --source. | ||
| 714 | |||
| 715 | --source: This option is a wic-specific option that names the | ||
| 716 | source of the data that will populate the | ||
| 717 | partition. The most common value for this option | ||
| 718 | is 'rootfs', but can be any value which maps to a | ||
| 719 | valid 'source plugin' (see 'wic help plugins'). | ||
| 720 | |||
| 721 | If '--source rootfs' is used, it tells the wic | ||
| 722 | command to create a partition as large as needed | ||
| 723 | and to fill it with the contents of the root | ||
| 724 | filesystem pointed to by the '-r' wic command-line | ||
| 725 | option (or the equivalent rootfs derived from the | ||
| 726 | '-e' command-line option). The filesystem type | ||
| 727 | that will be used to create the partition is driven | ||
| 728 | by the value of the --fstype option specified for | ||
| 729 | the partition (see --fstype below). | ||
| 730 | |||
| 731 | If --source <plugin-name>' is used, it tells the | ||
| 732 | wic command to create a partition as large as | ||
| 733 | needed and to fill with the contents of the | ||
| 734 | partition that will be generated by the specified | ||
| 735 | plugin name using the data pointed to by the '-r' | ||
| 736 | wic command-line option (or the equivalent rootfs | ||
| 737 | derived from the '-e' command-line option). | ||
| 738 | Exactly what those contents and filesystem type end | ||
| 739 | up being are dependent on the given plugin | ||
| 740 | implementation. | ||
| 741 | |||
| 742 | If --source option is not used, the wic command | ||
| 743 | will create empty partition. --size parameter has | ||
| 744 | to be used to specify size of empty partition. | ||
| 745 | |||
| 746 | --ondisk or --ondrive: Forces the partition to be created on | ||
| 747 | a particular disk. | ||
| 748 | |||
| 749 | --fstype: Sets the file system type for the partition. These | ||
| 750 | apply to partitions created using '--source rootfs' (see | ||
| 751 | --source above). Valid values are: | ||
| 752 | |||
| 753 | ext2 | ||
| 754 | ext3 | ||
| 755 | ext4 | ||
| 756 | btrfs | ||
| 757 | squashfs | ||
| 758 | swap | ||
| 759 | |||
| 760 | --fsoptions: Specifies a free-form string of options to be | ||
| 761 | used when mounting the filesystem. This string | ||
| 762 | will be copied into the /etc/fstab file of the | ||
| 763 | installed system and should be enclosed in | ||
| 764 | quotes. If not specified, the default string is | ||
| 765 | "defaults". | ||
| 766 | |||
| 767 | --label label: Specifies the label to give to the filesystem | ||
| 768 | to be made on the partition. If the given | ||
| 769 | label is already in use by another filesystem, | ||
| 770 | a new label is created for the partition. | ||
| 771 | |||
| 772 | --active: Marks the partition as active. | ||
| 773 | |||
| 774 | --align (in KBytes): This option is specific to wic and says | ||
| 775 | to start a partition on an x KBytes | ||
| 776 | boundary. | ||
| 777 | |||
| 778 | --no-table: This option is specific to wic. Space will be | ||
| 779 | reserved for the partition and it will be | ||
| 780 | populated but it will not be added to the | ||
| 781 | partition table. It may be useful for | ||
| 782 | bootloaders. | ||
| 783 | |||
| 784 | --extra-space: This option is specific to wic. It adds extra | ||
| 785 | space after the space filled by the content | ||
| 786 | of the partition. The final size can go | ||
| 787 | beyond the size specified by --size. | ||
| 788 | By default, 10MB. | ||
| 789 | |||
| 790 | --overhead-factor: This option is specific to wic. The | ||
| 791 | size of the partition is multiplied by | ||
| 792 | this factor. It has to be greater than or | ||
| 793 | equal to 1. | ||
| 794 | The default value is 1.3. | ||
| 795 | |||
| 796 | --part-type: This option is specific to wic. It specifies partition | ||
| 797 | type GUID for GPT partitions. | ||
| 798 | List of partition type GUIDS can be found here: | ||
| 799 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs | ||
| 800 | |||
| 801 | --use-uuid: This option is specific to wic. It makes wic to generate | ||
| 802 | random globally unique identifier (GUID) for the partition | ||
| 803 | and use it in bootloader configuration to specify root partition. | ||
| 804 | |||
| 805 | --uuid: This option is specific to wic. It specifies partition UUID. | ||
| 806 | It's useful if preconfigured partition UUID is added to kernel command line | ||
| 807 | in bootloader configuration before running wic. In this case .wks file can | ||
| 808 | be generated or modified to set preconfigured parition UUID using this option. | ||
| 809 | |||
| 810 | * bootloader | ||
| 811 | |||
| 812 | This command allows the user to specify various bootloader | ||
| 813 | options. The following are supported 'bootloader' options: | ||
| 814 | |||
| 815 | --timeout: Specifies the number of seconds before the | ||
| 816 | bootloader times out and boots the default option. | ||
| 817 | |||
| 818 | --append: Specifies kernel parameters. These will be added to | ||
| 819 | bootloader command-line - for example, the syslinux | ||
| 820 | APPEND or grub kernel command line. | ||
| 821 | |||
| 822 | Note that bootloader functionality and boot partitions are | ||
| 823 | implemented by the various --source plugins that implement | ||
| 824 | bootloader functionality; the bootloader command essentially | ||
| 825 | provides a means of modifying bootloader configuration. | ||
| 826 | """ | ||
