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1<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
2"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
3[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
4
5<chapter id='intro'>
6<title>Introduction</title>
7
8<section id='intro-welcome'>
9 <title>Introduction</title>
10
11 <para>
12 This manual provides reference information for the current release of the Yocto Project.
13 The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project focused on embedded Linux
14 developers.
15 Amongst other things, the Yocto Project uses the OpenEmbedded build system, which
16 is based on the Poky project, to construct complete Linux images.
17 You can find complete introductory and getting started information on the Yocto Project
18 by reading the
19 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>.
20 For task-based information using the Yocto Project, see the
21 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>
22 and the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>.
23 For Board Support Package (BSP) structure information, see the
24 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
25 You can find information on tracing and profiling in the
26 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#profile-manual'>Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual</ulink>.
27 For information on BitBake, which is the task execution tool the
28 OpenEmbedded build system is based on, see the
29 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
30 Finally, you can also find lots of Yocto Project information on the
31 <ulink url="&YOCTO_HOME_URL;">Yocto Project website</ulink>.
32 </para>
33</section>
34
35<section id='intro-manualoverview'>
36 <title>Documentation Overview</title>
37 <para>
38 This reference manual consists of the following:
39 <itemizedlist>
40 <listitem><para><emphasis>
41 <link linkend='usingpoky'>Using the Yocto Project</link>:</emphasis>
42 Provides an overview of the components that make up the Yocto Project
43 followed by information about debugging images created in the Yocto Project.
44 </para></listitem>
45 <listitem><para><emphasis>
46 <link linkend='closer-look'>A Closer Look at the Yocto Project Development Environment</link>:</emphasis>
47 Provides a more detailed look at the Yocto Project development
48 environment within the context of development.
49 </para></listitem>
50 <listitem><para><emphasis>
51 <link linkend='technical-details'>Technical Details</link>:</emphasis>
52 Describes fundamental Yocto Project components as well as an explanation
53 behind how the Yocto Project uses shared state (sstate) cache to speed build time.
54 </para></listitem>
55 <listitem><para><emphasis>
56 <link linkend='migration'>Migrating to a Newer Yocto Project Release</link>:</emphasis>
57 Describes release-specific information that helps you move from
58 one Yocto Project Release to another.
59 </para></listitem>
60 <listitem><para><emphasis>
61 <link linkend='ref-structure'>Directory Structure</link>:</emphasis>
62 Describes the
63 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink> created
64 either by unpacking a released Yocto Project tarball on your host development system,
65 or by cloning the upstream
66 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink> Git repository.
67 </para></listitem>
68 <listitem><para><emphasis>
69 <link linkend='ref-classes'>Classes</link>:</emphasis>
70 Describes the classes used in the Yocto Project.</para></listitem>
71 <listitem><para><emphasis>
72 <link linkend='ref-tasks'>Tasks</link>:</emphasis>
73 Describes the tasks defined by the OpenEmbedded build system.
74 </para></listitem>
75 <listitem><para><emphasis>
76 <link linkend='ref-images'>Images</link>:</emphasis>
77 Describes the standard images that the Yocto Project supports.
78 </para></listitem>
79 <listitem><para><emphasis>
80 <link linkend='ref-features'>Features</link>:</emphasis>
81 Describes mechanisms for creating distribution, machine, and image
82 features during the build process using the OpenEmbedded build system.</para></listitem>
83 <listitem><para><emphasis>
84 <link linkend='ref-variables-glos'>Variables Glossary</link>:</emphasis>
85 Presents most variables used by the OpenEmbedded build system, which
86 uses BitBake.
87 Entries describe the function of the variable and how to apply them.
88 </para></listitem>
89 <listitem><para><emphasis>
90 <link linkend='ref-varlocality'>Variable Context</link>:</emphasis>
91 Provides variable locality or context.</para></listitem>
92 <listitem><para><emphasis>
93 <link linkend='faq'>FAQ</link>:</emphasis>
94 Provides answers for commonly asked questions in the Yocto Project
95 development environment.</para></listitem>
96 <listitem><para><emphasis>
97 <link linkend='resources'>Contributing to the Yocto Project</link>:</emphasis>
98 Provides guidance on how you can contribute back to the Yocto
99 Project.</para></listitem>
100 </itemizedlist>
101 </para>
102</section>
103
104
105<section id='intro-requirements'>
106<title>System Requirements</title>
107 <para>
108 For general Yocto Project system requirements, see the
109 "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>What You Need and How You Get It</ulink>" section
110 in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
111 The remainder of this section provides details on system requirements
112 not covered in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
113 </para>
114
115 <section id='detailed-supported-distros'>
116 <title>Supported Linux Distributions</title>
117
118 <para>
119 Currently, the Yocto Project is supported on the following
120 distributions:
121 <note>
122 <para>
123 Yocto Project releases are tested against the stable Linux
124 distributions in the following list.
125 The Yocto Project should work on other distributions but
126 validation is not performed against them.
127 </para>
128
129 <para>
130 In particular, the Yocto Project does not support
131 and currently has no plans to support
132 rolling-releases or development distributions due to their
133 constantly changing nature.
134 We welcome patches and bug reports, but keep in mind that
135 our priority is on the supported platforms listed below.
136 </para>
137
138 <para>
139 If you encounter problems, please go to
140 <ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'>Yocto Project Bugzilla</ulink>
141 and submit a bug.
142 We are interested in hearing about your experience.
143 </para>
144 </note>
145 <itemizedlist>
146<!-- <listitem><para>Ubuntu 10.04</para></listitem>
147 <listitem><para>Ubuntu 11.10</para></listitem> -->
148 <listitem><para>Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
149 <listitem><para>Ubuntu 13.10</para></listitem>
150 <listitem><para>Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
151<!-- <listitem><para>Fedora 16 (Verne)</para></listitem>
152 <listitem><para>Fedora 17 (Spherical)</para></listitem> -->
153 <listitem><para>Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger's Cat)</para></listitem>
154 <listitem><para>Fedora release 20 (Heisenbug)</para></listitem>
155<!-- <listitem><para>CentOS release 5.6 (Final)</para></listitem>
156 <listitem><para>CentOS release 5.7 (Final)</para></listitem>
157 <listitem><para>CentOS release 5.8 (Final)</para></listitem>
158 <listitem><para>CentOS release 6.3 (Final)</para></listitem> -->
159 <listitem><para>CentOS release 6.4</para></listitem>
160 <listitem><para>CentOS release 6.5</para></listitem>
161<!-- <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 (Squeeze)</para></listitem> -->
162 <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.0 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
163 <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.1 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
164 <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.2 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
165 <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.3 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
166 <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.4 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
167<!-- <listitem><para>openSUSE 11.4</para></listitem>
168 <listitem><para>openSUSE 12.1</para></listitem> -->
169 <listitem><para>openSUSE 12.2</para></listitem>
170 <listitem><para>openSUSE 12.3</para></listitem>
171 <listitem><para>openSUSE 13.1</para></listitem>
172 </itemizedlist>
173 </para>
174
175 <note>
176 While the Yocto Project Team attempts to ensure all Yocto Project
177 releases are one hundred percent compatible with each officially
178 supported Linux distribution, instances might exist where you
179 encounter a problem while using the Yocto Project on a specific
180 distribution.
181 For example, the CentOS 6.4 distribution does not include the
182 Gtk+ 2.20.0 and PyGtk 2.21.0 (or higher) packages, which are
183 required to run
184 <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>.
185 </note>
186 </section>
187
188 <section id='required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>
189 <title>Required Packages for the Host Development System</title>
190
191 <para>
192 The list of packages you need on the host development system can
193 be large when covering all build scenarios using the Yocto Project.
194 This section provides required packages according to
195 Linux distribution and function.
196 </para>
197
198 <section id='ubuntu-packages'>
199 <title>Ubuntu and Debian</title>
200
201 <para>
202 The following list shows the required packages by function
203 given a supported Ubuntu or Debian Linux distribution:
204 <itemizedlist>
205 <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
206 Packages needed to build an image on a headless
207 system:
208 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
209 $ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
210 </literallayout></para></listitem>
211 <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
212 Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
213 support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
214 IDE:
215 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
216 $ sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev xterm
217 </literallayout></para></listitem>
218 <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
219 Packages needed if you are going to build out the
220 Yocto Project documentation manuals:
221 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
222 $ sudo apt-get install make xsltproc docbook-utils fop dblatex xmlto
223 </literallayout></para></listitem>
224 <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
225 Packages needed if you are going to be using the
226 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
227 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
228 $ sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool libglib2.0-dev
229 </literallayout></para></listitem>
230 </itemizedlist>
231 </para>
232 </section>
233
234 <section id='fedora-packages'>
235 <title>Fedora Packages</title>
236
237 <para>
238 The following list shows the required packages by function
239 given a supported Fedora Linux distribution:
240 <itemizedlist>
241 <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
242 Packages needed to build an image for a headless
243 system:
244 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
245 $ sudo yum install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
246 </literallayout></para></listitem>
247 <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
248 Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
249 support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
250 IDE:
251 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
252 $ sudo yum install SDL-devel xterm perl-Thread-Queue
253 </literallayout></para></listitem>
254 <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
255 Packages needed if you are going to build out the
256 Yocto Project documentation manuals:
257 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
258 $ sudo yum install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
259 docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto
260 </literallayout></para></listitem>
261 <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
262 Packages needed if you are going to be using the
263 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
264 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
265 $ sudo yum install autoconf automake libtool glib2-devel
266 </literallayout></para></listitem>
267 </itemizedlist>
268 </para>
269 </section>
270
271 <section id='opensuse-packages'>
272 <title>openSUSE Packages</title>
273
274 <para>
275 The following list shows the required packages by function
276 given a supported openSUSE Linux distribution:
277 <itemizedlist>
278 <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
279 Packages needed to build an image for a headless
280 system:
281 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
282 $ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
283 </literallayout></para></listitem>
284 <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
285 Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
286 support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
287 IDE:
288 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
289 $ sudo zypper install libSDL-devel xterm
290 </literallayout></para></listitem>
291 <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
292 Packages needed if you are going to build out the
293 Yocto Project documentation manuals:
294 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
295 $ sudo zypper install make fop xsltproc dblatex xmlto
296 </literallayout></para></listitem>
297 <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
298 Packages needed if you are going to be using the
299 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
300 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
301 $ sudo zypper install autoconf automake libtool glib2-devel
302 </literallayout></para></listitem>
303 </itemizedlist>
304 </para>
305 </section>
306
307 <section id='centos-packages'>
308 <title>CentOS Packages</title>
309
310 <para>
311 The following list shows the required packages by function
312 given a supported CentOS Linux distribution:
313 <note>Depending on the CentOS version you are using, other requirements
314 and dependencies might exist.
315 For details, you should look at the CentOS sections on the
316 <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Poky/GettingStarted/Dependencies'>Poky/GettingStarted/Dependencies</ulink>
317 wiki page.
318 </note>
319 <itemizedlist>
320 <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
321 Packages needed to build an image for a headless
322 system:
323 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
324 $ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
325 </literallayout></para></listitem>
326 <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
327 Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
328 support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
329 IDE:
330 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
331 $ sudo yum install SDL-devel xterm
332 </literallayout></para></listitem>
333 <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
334 Packages needed if you are going to build out the
335 Yocto Project documentation manuals:
336 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
337 $ sudo yum install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
338 docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto
339 </literallayout></para></listitem>
340 <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
341 Packages needed if you are going to be using the
342 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
343 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
344 $ sudo yum install autoconf automake libtool glib2-devel
345 </literallayout></para></listitem>
346 </itemizedlist>
347 </para>
348 </section>
349 </section>
350
351 <section id='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>
352 <title>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</title>
353
354 <para>
355 In order to use the build system, your host development system
356 must meet the following version requirements for Git, tar, and
357 Python:
358 <itemizedlist>
359 <listitem><para>Git 1.7.5 or greater</para></listitem>
360 <listitem><para>tar 1.24 or greater</para></listitem>
361 <listitem><para>Python 2.7.3 or greater not including
362 Python 3.x, which is not supported.</para></listitem>
363 </itemizedlist>
364 </para>
365
366 <para>
367 If your host development system does not meet all these requirements,
368 you can resolve this by installing a <filename>buildtools</filename>
369 tarball that contains these tools.
370 You can get the tarball one of two ways: download a pre-built
371 tarball or use BitBake to build the tarball.
372 </para>
373
374 <section id='downloading-a-pre-built-buildtools-tarball'>
375 <title>Downloading a Pre-Built <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
376
377 <para>
378 Downloading and running a pre-built buildtools installer is
379 the easiest of the two methods by which you can get these tools:
380 <orderedlist>
381 <listitem><para>
382 Locate and download the <filename>*.sh</filename> at
383 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/yocto-&DISTRO;/buildtools/'></ulink>.
384 </para></listitem>
385 <listitem><para>
386 Execute the installation script.
387 Here is an example:
388 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
389 $ sh poky-eglibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
390 </literallayout>
391 During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
392 choose the installation directory.
393 For example, you could choose the following:
394 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
395 /home/your-username/buildtools
396 </literallayout>
397 </para></listitem>
398 <listitem><para>
399 Source the tools environment setup script by using a
400 command like the following:
401 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
402 $ source /home/your-username/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
403 </literallayout>
404 Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
405 sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
406 </para>
407 <para>
408 After you have sourced the setup script,
409 the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
410 and any other environment variables required to run the
411 tools are initialized.
412 The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
413 Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
414 </para></listitem>
415 </orderedlist>
416 </para>
417 </section>
418
419 <section id='building-your-own-buildtools-tarball'>
420 <title>Building Your Own <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
421
422 <para>
423 Building and running your own buildtools installer applies
424 only when you have a build host that can already run BitBake.
425 In this case, you use that machine to build the
426 <filename>.sh</filename> file and then
427 take steps to transfer and run it on a
428 machine that does not meet the minimal Git, tar, and Python
429 requirements.
430 </para>
431
432 <para>
433 Here are the steps to take to build and run your own
434 buildtools installer:
435 <orderedlist>
436 <listitem><para>
437 On the machine that is able to run BitBake,
438 be sure you have set up your build environment with
439 the setup script
440 (<link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
441 or
442 <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
443 </para></listitem>
444 <listitem><para>
445 Run the BitBake command to build the tarball:
446 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
447 $ bitbake buildtools-tarball
448 </literallayout>
449 <note>
450 The
451 <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>
452 variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
453 determines whether you build tools for a 32-bit
454 or 64-bit system.
455 </note>
456 Once the build completes, you can find the
457 <filename>.sh</filename> file that installs
458 the tools in the <filename>tmp/deploy/sdk</filename>
459 subdirectory of the
460 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
461 The installer file has the string "buildtools"
462 in the name.
463 </para></listitem>
464 <listitem><para>
465 Transfer the <filename>.sh</filename> file from the
466 build host to the machine that does not meet the
467 Git, tar, or Python requirements.
468 </para></listitem>
469 <listitem><para>
470 On the machine that does not meet the requirements,
471 run the <filename>.sh</filename> file
472 to install the tools.
473 Here is an example:
474 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
475 $ sh poky-eglibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
476 </literallayout>
477 During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
478 choose the installation directory.
479 For example, you could choose the following:
480 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
481 /home/your-username/buildtools
482 </literallayout>
483 </para></listitem>
484 <listitem><para>
485 Source the tools environment setup script by using a
486 command like the following:
487 <literallayout class='monospaced'>
488 $ source /home/your-username/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
489 </literallayout>
490 Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
491 sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
492 </para>
493 <para>
494 After you have sourced the setup script,
495 the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
496 and any other environment variables required to run the
497 tools are initialized.
498 The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
499 Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
500 </para></listitem>
501 </orderedlist>
502 </para>
503 </section>
504 </section>
505</section>
506
507<section id='intro-getit'>
508 <title>Obtaining the Yocto Project</title>
509 <para>
510 The Yocto Project development team makes the Yocto Project available through a number
511 of methods:
512 <itemizedlist>
513 <listitem><para><emphasis>Source Repositories:</emphasis>
514 Working from a copy of the upstream
515 <filename>poky</filename> repository is the
516 preferred method for obtaining and using a Yocto Project
517 release.
518 You can view the Yocto Project Source Repositories at
519 <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
520 In particular, you can find the
521 <filename>poky</filename> repository at
522 <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/'></ulink>.
523 </para></listitem>
524 <listitem><para><emphasis>Releases:</emphasis> Stable, tested
525 releases are available as tarballs through
526 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/'/>.</para></listitem>
527 <listitem><para><emphasis>Nightly Builds:</emphasis> These
528 tarball releases are available at
529 <ulink url='http://autobuilder.yoctoproject.org/nightly'/>.
530 These builds include Yocto Project releases, meta-toolchain
531 tarball installation scripts, and experimental builds.
532 </para></listitem>
533 <listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project Website:</emphasis> You can
534 find tarball releases of the Yocto Project and supported BSPs
535 at the
536 <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project website</ulink>.
537 Along with these downloads, you can find lots of other
538 information at this site.
539 </para></listitem>
540 </itemizedlist>
541 </para>
542</section>
543
544<section id='intro-getit-dev'>
545 <title>Development Checkouts</title>
546 <para>
547 Development using the Yocto Project requires a local
548 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
549 You can set up the Source Directory by cloning a copy of the upstream
550 <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>poky</ulink> Git repository.
551 For information on how to do this, see the
552 "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</ulink>"
553 section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
554 </para>
555</section>
556
557</chapter>
558<!--
559vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
560-->
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